Putonghua is the official language on the mainland，but if history had played out differently，most of the people could have been speaking Cantonese．
In 1912，shortly after the end of the Qing dynasty，the founding fathers of the republic met to decide which language should be spoken in the new China．
Mandarin - now known as Putonghua -- was just a northern dialect spoken by the hated Manchurian officials at that time．While it had served as China's lingua franca（混合語） for centuries，many saw it as an "impure form" of Chinese．
Many of the leaders，including Sun Yat-sen，were from Guangdong -- where people are open to new ideas．A great debate started and eventually led to a formal vote．Cantonese lost out by a small margin to Putonghua and the rest is history．
While historians today still argue about whether this story is real，it is something Guangdong people love to tell．Many Cantonese speakers feel proud of their native language，saying it has more in common with the classical Chinese than Putonghua -- which is a mix of northern dialects heavily influenced by Manchurian and Mongolian．
Linguists agree to some degree． "Cantonese is closer to classical Chinese in its pronunciation and some grammar，" Jiang Wenxian，a Chinese language scholar，said． "Using Cantonese to read classical poetry is a real pleasure，" he said． "Many ancient poems don't rhyme（押韻） when you read them in Putonghua，but they do in Cantonese．"
"Cantonese keeps a flavor of ancient Chinese．Nowadays few people understand classical Chinese，so Cantonese should be protected as a type of language fossil helping us study ancient Chinese culture．"
Cantonese is spoken by about 70 million people in Guangdong，Hong Kong，Macau and communities abroad．
In the 17th and 18th centuries，Guangdong was the only Chinese province allowed to trade directly with foreigners．Many Westerners at the time learned Cantonese．Up till very recently，there were more Cantonese speakers in overseas Chinese communities than Putonghua speakers．In Canada，for example，Cantonese is the third most commonly spoken language after English and French．
（1）What's the function of the first paragraph？AA
A．To introduce the topic．
B．To attraction people's attention．
C．To summarize the whole passage．
D．To show the importance of Putonghua．
（2）What can we learn from the fourth paragraph？CC
A．Most of the leaders are in favor of Putonghua．
B．Most of the leaders came from Guangdong at that time．
C．Guangdong people are more likely to accept new ideas．
D．Sun Yat-sen suggested having a debate to decide on the new language．
（3）Why Cantonese should be protected as a type of language fossil？DD
A．Because it's as important as Putonghua．
B．Because it is an ancient language with a long history．
C．Because nowadays few people can understand Cantonese．
D．Because it is very helpful when studying Chinese culture．
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text？DD
A．New language，New China．
B．How Putonghua defeated Cantonese
C．The development of an official language
D．Cantonese almost became the official language
【答案】A；C；D；D
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
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發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0組卷：26引用：2難度：0.5
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1．British children's writer Roald Dahl ate chocolates and sweets "pretty much every mealtime"，remembers daughter Ophelia Dahl．
After dinner，whether dining alone or entertaining guests，Dahl would pass around a little red plastic box full of Mars Bars，Milky Ways，Maltesers，Kit Kats and much more．
He knew the history of all the sweets and could tell you exactly when they were invented．1937 was a big year when Kit Kats （his favorite），Rolos and Smarties （his dog，chopper's favorite） were invented．He wrote a history of chocolate，lecturing schoolchildren to commit such dates to memory（熟記），such as 1928 when "Cadbury's Fruit and Nut Bar popped up on the scene"，saying． "Don't bother with the Kings and Queens of England．All of you should learn these dates instead．Perhaps the Headmistress（女校長(zhǎng)）will see from now on that it becomes part of the major teaching in this school．"
According to Dahl，the Golden Years of Chocolate were 1930-1937．In 1930，Roald Dahl was 14 years old．He was a student at Repton，a famous boys' boarding school in England．It was a tough environment：those in authority were more interested in controlling than educating the students．
Ironically（諷刺地），it was at this difficult period that chocolate became Dahl's passion．Near Repton was a Cadbury chocolate factory．Every so often，Cadbury would send each schoolboy a sampler（樣品）box of new chocolates to taste and grade．They were using the students---"the greatest chocolate bar experts in the world to test out their new inventions．
This was when Dahl's imagination took flight．He pictured factories with inventing rooms with pots of chocolate and fudge（軟糖）and "all sorts of other delicious fillings bubbling away on the stoves"．
"It was lovely dreaming those dreams…when I was looking for a plot for my second book for children．I remembered those little cardboard boxes（紙盒）and the newly invented chocolates inside them，and I began to write a book called Charlie and the Chocolate Factory．"
For the record，Roald Dahl did not like chocolate cake or chocolate ice cream．He said， "I prefer my chocolate straight．"
（1）What's the purpose of the first paragraph？
A．To introduce the main topic---Roald Dahl．
B．To introduce Dahl's love for chocolate．
C．To introduce main character's daily life．
D．To introduce some important characters．
（2）What can we infer from the passage about Roald Dahl？
A．He treated himself with various chocolate after dinner secretly．
B．He has a good knowledge of chocolate，especially its history．
C．He used to lecture schoolchildren of a boys' boarding school．
D．He only wrote some books related to the history of chocolate．
（3）What happened during the Golden Years of Chocolate？
A．It was a great time for children to get educated．
B．Those years stopped Dahl's interest in chocolate．
C．Students could become chocolate experts then．
D．Roald Dahl's passion for chocolate was lit up then．
（4）gave Roald Dahl inspiration to write Charlie and Chocolate Factory．
A．the dream about chocolates．
B．Factories with chocolate and fudge．
C．Those boxes with chocolate．
D．Chocolate cakes and ice cream發(fā)布：2025/1/30 8:0:1組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
2．Recently，a film star has been giving away free books on the London Underground．If you're a bookworm，a Harry Potter fan and a London Underground user，then it's been an exciting month for you．
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（2）Which of the following statements is NOT true？
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（3）What's the author's attitude towards Emma Watson's leaving books on the train？
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D．pessimistic發(fā)布：2025/1/30 8:0:1組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
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（1）What makes it hard for the author to learn German？
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D．To share the author's stories of learning a new language．發(fā)布：2025/1/30 8:0:1組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5